Publikationsdatenbank

The gut microbiome in pigs and its impact on animal health (2024)

Art

Buchbeitrag

Autoren

Zentek, Jürgen (WE 4)

Vahjen, W. (WE 4)

Grześkowiak, Ł. (WE 4)

Martínez‑Vallespín, Beatriz (WE 4)

Schulze Holthausen, J. (WE 4)

Saliu, E. (WE 4)

Quelle

Production Diseases in Farm Animals — Josef Johann Gross (Hrsg.)

1. Auflage

Bern: Springer, 2024 — S. 157–177

ISBN: 978-3-031-51787-7

Sprache

Englisch

Verweise

URL (Volltext): https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-51788-4_8

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-51788-4

Kontakt

Institut für Tierernährung

Königin-Luise-Str. 49
14195 Berlin
+49 30 838 52256
tierernaehrung@vetmed.fu-berlin.de

Abstract / Zusammenfassung

The microbiome undoubtedly plays a major role in stabilizing health and ensuring the highest possible related resilience against environmental stressors and infections. Pigs have distinctly developed microbiomes depending on age, husbandry, and diet. Furthermore, the microbial composition in the digestive tract differs depending on the localization. While the stomach and small intestine are largely dominated by lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteria, the spectrum in the large intestine changes significantly. In addition, there are also important differences between the mucosa-associated and the luminal microbiomes in different intestinal sections. Animal health is supported by a balanced colonization of microorganisms in the sense of eubiosis. Disturbances of the microbial ecological system are referred to as dysbiosis and can lead to an increased incidence of diarrheal diseases in particular as a result of infection with pathogens. An important factor in the control of the microbiome is the diet, in addition to the husbandry and genetics of the animals. A balanced diet formulation is an important basis; additionally, stabilization can be achieved by using feed additives. In this context, it is important to ensure that macronutrients are within nutritional recommendations, because protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and fats can influence the microbiome. Supplementation of minerals and feed additives also plays a major role. The latter have been studied very intensively in recent years; stabilizing effects are described for probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, and plant additives. High pharmacological concentrations of zinc oxide that were commonly used in the EU have been banned since 2022, so that the importance of alternative approaches became much greater. Improved knowledge of mechanisms, signaling pathways, and molecular interactions with the digestive tract and host organism is necessary to exploit the potential of the microbiome to stabilize animal health.