Publikationsdatenbank

The effect of early neonatal glutamine supplementation on tissue and digesta free amino acid profiles in suckling low birth weight piglets (2022)

Art

Poster

Autoren

Sciascia, Q. L.

Li, Z.

Görs, S.

Nguyen, N.

Rayatdoost Baghal, F.

Schregel, J.

Tuchscherer, A.

Zentek, J. (WE 4)

Metges, C. C.

Kongress

7th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition (ISEP)

Granada, 12. – 15.09.2022

Quelle

Animal : science proceedings

Bandzählung: 13

Heftzählung: 3

Seiten: 340 – 341

ISSN: 2772-283x

Sprache

Englisch

Verweise

URL (Volltext): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772283X22007506

DOI: 10.1016/j.anscip.2022.07.089

Kontakt

Institut für Tierernährung

Königin-Luise-Str. 49
14195 Berlin
+49 30 838 52256
tierernaehrung@vetmed.fu-berlin.de

Abstract / Zusammenfassung

Introduction:
Low birthweight (LBW) is associated with impaired organ development compared to normal birthweight (NBW) littermates. The primary organ for nutrient absorption is the small intestine (SI) and in LBW piglets, its development is impaired Wiyaporn et al. (2013). Supplemental glutamine (Gln) has been reported to improve intestinal function in weaned piglets and we have recently reported that Gln supplementation to suckling LBW piglets is associated with improved growth and increased plasma Gln concentrations compared to Ala supplemented LBW littermates Li et al. (2022). Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of Gln supplementation on the free amino acid (FAA) profiles in tissue (jejunal and duodenum) and digesta (jejunum and stomach) and the abundance of jejunal amino acid (AA) transporters of LBW piglets.

Material and Methods:
At birth, 24 pairs of LBW (0.8–1.2 kg) and normal birth weight (NBW; 1.4–1.8 kg) male German Landrace littermates, born to first parity sows, were selected. At 24 hours (h) post farrowing, litter sizes were standardized to 12 piglets, and LBW and NBW piglets assigned to Gln (1 g/kg BW/day; n = 24) or Alanine (Ala, 1.22 g/kg BW/day; isonitrogenous to Gln; n = 24) supplementation groups. Piglets were weighed daily, and orally supplemented three times daily, with 33% of their respective daily AA dose. At 5 days, piglets were given 33% of their AA dose 2 h prior to euthanasia, and following euthanasia, tissue (jejunal, duodenal) and digesta (jejunal, stomach) samples were frozen at -80 oC for subsequent analysis of FAA. The abundance of jejunal mRNA associated with Gln / Ala transport were also measured. Data was analysed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (9.4) with least square means separated using the Tukey test (P < 0.05).

Results and Discussion:
Analysis of the FAA profiles in jejunal tissue showed that the concentrations of Gln (P < 0.01), 6 other proteinogenic AA and branched-chain AA (BCAA; P < 0.05) were higher in NBW-Gln, and Ala (P < 0.05), 8 other proteinogenic AA, BCAA, essential AA (EAA) and non-essential AA (NEAA; P < 0.05) were higher in LBW-Ala than NBW-Ala. In contrast, there were no differences in FAA concentrations observed between LBW-Gln piglets and their supplement (LBW-Ala) and birthweight (NBW-Gln) controls. In addition, no differences in the mRNA abundance of jejunal Gln and Ala transporters was observed. Taken together these results indicate that Gln supplementation had no apparent influence on the jejunal tissue FAA or the mRNA abundance of jejunal Gln and Ala transporters in the LBW piglets used in this study, and that the higher concentration of AA observed in the jejunum of NBW-Gln and LBW-Ala compared NBW-Ala was not due an increase compared to NBW-Ala, but the jejunum of NBW-Ala having the lowest concentrations of all four groups. Next, the FAA profiles of jejunal digesta were analysed. Results showed that in the jejunal digesta of LBW-Gln piglets, 8 proteinogenic AA, NEAA and total AA (P < 0.05) were lower compared to their birthweight controls (NBW-Gln), and no difference were observed compared their supplement controls (LBW-Ala). In NBW-Gln, 10 proteinogenic AA and BCAA, EAA, NEAA (P < 0.05) were higher than NBW-Ala, and no differences were observed between LBW-Ala and NBW-Ala. A clear observation from the jejunal tissue and digesta FAA results was the absence of increased Gln and Ala concentrations between birthweight controls (LBW-Gln vs. LBW-Ala; NBW-Gln vs. NBW-Ala). We have previously reported that the plasma concentrations of Gln and Ala are higher between the birthweight controls (2), thus we hypothesized that the absorption of Gln and Ala was occurring at a more proximal location within the SI. Duodenal tissue samples were investigated and results showed that LBW-Gln and NBW-Gln duodenum FAA Gln concentrations were higher, and Ala were lower than LBW-Ala and NBW-Ala littermates (P < 0.001). In addition, stomach digesta was investigated to determine if all the supplemental Gln and Ala had transited into the SI. Results showed that FAA Gln concentrations were higher, and Ala were lower than LBW-Ala and NBW-Ala littermates (P < 0.001). Thus, these results show that not all the supplemental Gln and Ala had transited into the SI, and that absorption was occurring within the duodenum, and not the jejunum.

Conclusion and Implications:
These results suggest that the absence of effects in the jejunum of Gln supplemented piglets was due to the Gln being absorbed in the more proximal are of the SI. Future studies in these animals should be directed at tissues in these regions to assess Gln potential effect on SI development and function.