Publikationsdatenbank

Clinical, laboratory, radiological features and outcome of 99 dogs with leptospirosis (2006-2013) (2014)

Art

Vortrag

Autoren

Knöpfler, S. (WE 20)

Mayer-Scholl, A. (WE 20)

Luge, E. (WE 20)

Klopfleisch, R. (WE 20)

Gruber, A.D. (WE 20)

Nöckler, K. (WE 20)

Kohn, B. (WE 20)

Kongress

24. ECVIM-CA Kongress

Mainz, 04. – 06.09.2014

Quelle

Journal of veterinary internal medicine; 29(1) — S. 461

ISSN: 0891-6640

Sprache

Englisch

Verweise

URL (Volltext): http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.12491/pdf

DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12491

Kontakt

Klinik für kleine Haustiere

Oertzenweg 19 b
Haus 1
14163 Berlin
+49 30 838 62356
kleintierklinik@vetmed.fu-berlin.de

Abstract / Zusammenfassung

Leptospirosis, a zoonotic bacterial disease with a worldwide distribution, is a re-emerging disease in humans and dogs. Acute renal and hepatic failure are the most frequently reported clinical manifestations of canine leptospirosis. The aim of this study was to describe clinical, laboratory and radiological features, the outcome as well as the distribution of Leptospira serogroups in dogs with leptospirosis (2006-2013). Medical records of dogs diagnosed with leptospirosis were evaluated retrospectively. Diagnoses were based on microscopic agglutination testing (MAT), blood/urine PCR, and histopathology (Levaditi staining). MAT-titers ≥ 1:800 against non-vaccineand ≥ 1:3200 against vaccine serovars or a 4-fold rise of titers within 2-3 weeks were considered diagnostic. 99 dogs met the inclusion criteria. In 72 dogs diagnostic MAT-titers were present (mainly against serogroups Grippotyphosa (65%), Australis (61%), and Pomona (60%). At initial presentation, the most common clinical signs were lethargy (96%), anorexia (88%), vomitus (85%), a painful abdomen (39%), diarrhea (38%), oliguria (27%), tachypnea (26%), delayed capillary refill time (18%), pale mucous membranes (17%), fever (15%), hypothermia (15%), and icteric mucous membranes (10%). Abnormal findings of the CBC included anemia (63%), thrombocytopenia (62%) and leukocytosis (57%). Biochemistry abnormalities included increased creatinine concentrations (82%), increased liver enzyme activities (80%), hyperbilirubinemia (70%), hyperphosphatemia (67%), hyponatremia (63%), and hypoalbuminemia (55%). Urinalysis often revealed glucosuria (77%) and an elevated urineprotein/creatinine-ratio (75%). Radiological pulmonary changes were detected in 57% of the dogs initially or during the course of disease. 32 dogs died or were euthanized, 24 of them due to “leptospiral pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome”. In this study, non-vaccine erogroups were the most common serogroups detected by MAT. In the majority of patients renal (95%) and/or hepatic (93%) disease was detected. A pulmonary form of leptospirosis was present in 57% of the dogs. Lung involvement represented a severe complication causing increased mortality depending on the severity of respiratory signs.