Publikationsdatenbank

How bold is blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney?
Opportunities, challenges and future directions (2015)

Art

Zeitschriftenartikel / wissenschaftlicher Beitrag

Autoren

Niendorf, T

Pohlmann, A

Arakelyan, K

Flemming, B

Cantow, K

Hentschel, J

Grosenick, D

Ladwig, M (WE 11)

Reimann, H

Klix, S

Waiczies, S

Seeliger, E

Quelle

Acta physiologica : official journal of the Federation of European Physiological Societies

Bandzählung: 213

Heftzählung: 1

Seiten: 19 – 38

ISSN: 1748-1716

Sprache

Englisch

Verweise

DOI: 10.1111/apha.12393

Pubmed: 25204811

Kontakt

Institut für Tierschutz, Tierverhalten und Versuchstierkunde

Königsweg 67
14163 Berlin
+49 30 838 61146
tierschutz@vetmed.fu-berlin.de

Abstract / Zusammenfassung

Renal tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia are key elements in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury and its progression to chronic kidney disease. Yet, in vivo assessment of renal haemodynamics and tissue oxygenation remains a challenge. Many of the established approaches are invasive, hence not applicable in humans. Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers an alternative. BOLD-MRI is non-invasive and indicative of renal tissue oxygenation. Nonetheless, recent (pre-) clinical studies revived the question as to how bold renal BOLD-MRI really is. This review aimed to deliver some answers. It is designed to inspire the renal physiology, nephrology and imaging communities to foster explorations into the assessment of renal oxygenation and haemodynamics by exploiting the powers of MRI. For this purpose, the specifics of renal oxygenation and perfusion are outlined. The fundamentals of BOLD-MRI are summarized. The link between tissue oxygenation and the oxygenation-sensitive MR biomarker T2∗ is outlined. The merits and limitations of renal BOLD-MRI in animal and human studies are surveyed together with their clinical implications. Explorations into detailing the relation between renal T2∗ and renal tissue partial pressure of oxygen (pO2 ) are discussed with a focus on factors confounding the T2∗ vs. tissue pO2 relation. Multi-modality in vivo approaches suitable for detailing the role of the confounding factors that govern T2∗ are considered. A schematic approach describing the link between renal perfusion, oxygenation, tissue compartments and renal T2∗ is proposed. Future directions of MRI assessment of renal oxygenation and perfusion are explored.