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    Site-specific S-acylation of influenza virus hemagglutinin:
    the location of the acylation site relative to the membrane border is the decisive factor for attachment of stearate (2014)

    Art
    Zeitschriftenartikel / wissenschaftlicher Beitrag
    Autoren
    Brett, Katharina (WE 5)
    Kordyukova, Larisa V
    Serebryakova, Marina V
    Mintaev, Ramil R
    Alexeevski, Andrei V
    Veit, Michael (WE 5)
    Quelle
    The journal of biological chemistry
    Bandzählung: 289
    Heftzählung: 50
    Seiten: 34978 – 34989
    ISSN: 0021-9258
    Sprache
    Englisch
    Verweise
    DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M114.586180
    Pubmed: 25349209
    Kontakt
    Institut für Virologie

    Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13
    14163 Berlin
    +49 30 838 51833
    virologie@vetmed.fu-berlin.de

    Abstract / Zusammenfassung

    S-Acylation of hemagglutinin (HA), the main glycoprotein of influenza viruses, is an essential modification required for virus replication. Using mass spectrometry, we have previously demonstrated specific attachment of acyl chains to individual acylation sites. Whereas the two cysteines in the cytoplasmic tail of HA contain only palmitate, stearate is exclusively attached to a cysteine positioned at the end of the transmembrane region (TMR). Here we analyzed recombinant viruses containing HA with exchange of conserved amino acids adjacent to acylation sites or with a TMR cysteine shifted to a cytoplasmic location to identify the molecular signal that determines preferential attachment of stearate. We first developed a new protocol for sample preparation that requires less material and might thus also be suitable to analyze cellular proteins. We observed cell type-specific differences in the fatty acid pattern of HA: more stearate was attached if human viruses were grown in mammalian compared with avian cells. No underacylated peptides were detected in the mass spectra, and even mutations that prevented generation of infectious virus particles did not abolish acylation of expressed HA as demonstrated by metabolic labeling experiments with [(3)H]palmitate. Exchange of conserved amino acids in the vicinity of an acylation site had a moderate effect on the stearate content. In contrast, shifting the TMR cysteine to a cytoplasmic location virtually eliminated attachment of stearate. Thus, the location of an acylation site relative to the transmembrane span is the main signal for stearate attachment, but the sequence context and the cell type modulate the fatty acid pattern.