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The proteolytic activities of chosen lysosomal enzymes in the plasma and leukocytes of 357 growing Holstein Friesian cows were examined in relation to milk yield. The enzyme activities for combined aminopeptidases increased nonlinearly to a higher milk performance. Lower physiological load contributed to better fertility. Increasing enzyme activity of lysosomal esterase was connected with a higher ATP need while the protein synthesis increased simultaneously. The genetic effects of milk protein genotype beta-caseinA2A2 was superior than beta-caseinA1A1. The effect of days open showed the same trend in milk production and fertility. A high milk performance could be combined with high fertility on a genetic basis